The presented review summarizes the information concerning the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activity and toxicity of the Brassica nigra plant. This weed has been known to possess analgesic, antibacterial, anti hyperglycaemic, cardiovascular disease, anti cancer activity and anthelmintic activities. A wide range of chemical compounds about 1% sinigrin (allyl¬glucosinolate), a thioglycoside-like compound (a so-calledglucosinolate) of ally isothiocyanate with glucose. By action of the enzyme myrosinase, allyl isothiocyanate, a pungent, lachrymatory and volatile compound, is liberated (0.7% of the dried seed). Besides allyl isothiocyanate, in Romanian Brown Mustard another related compound is found, namely crotonyl isothiocyanate (2-butenylisothiocyanate).
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